What are 21st centry learning skills?

Trilling and Fadel (2009) defined 21st century learning skills as 
- Learning and Innovation skills (creativity and innovation, critical thinking and problem solving, and communication and collaboration)
- Digital Literacy skills (information literacy, media literacy, and ICT literacy)
- Career and Life skills (flexibility and adaptability, initiative and self-direction, social and cross-cultural skills, productivity and accountability, leadership and responsibility). 


Due to the proliferation of multimodal ways of making meaning in the 21st century, the way students are instructed and learn in school should change and evolve in responseto the changing landscape of literacy teaching and learning.